{"id":4267,"date":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-10-31T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ourlandourbusiness.org\/attractivite-la-banque-mondiale-remanie-son-classement-face-aux-critiques-2\/"},"modified":"2019-09-12T23:05:11","modified_gmt":"2019-09-12T23:05:11","slug":"attractivite-la-banque-mondiale-remanie-son-classement-face-aux-critiques-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ourlandourbusiness.org\/fr\/attractivite-la-banque-mondiale-remanie-son-classement-face-aux-critiques-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Attractivit\u00e9: la Banque mondiale remanie son classement face aux critiques"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source: la Croix<\/p>\n

October 31, 2014<\/span><\/p>\n

Singapour en t\u00eate, France 31e et Erythr\u00e9e lanterne rouge: la Banque mondiale a publi\u00e9 mardi \u00e0 Washington une version remani\u00e9e de son classement sur l’environnement des affaires afin de faire taire les critiques sur sa pertinence.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9dition 2015 de son rapport “Doing Business” passe au crible le cadre r\u00e9glementaire s’appliquant aux petites et moyennes entreprises dans 189 \u00e9conomies, en \u00e9valuant notamment dans quelles conditions elles peuvent lancer leur activit\u00e9, avoir acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, au cr\u00e9dit ou payer leurs imp\u00f4ts.<\/p>\n

En \u00e9pluchant les r\u00e9glementations locales et en agr\u00e9geant les r\u00e9sultats obtenus aupr\u00e8s de plus de 10.000 professionnels, la Banque mondiale parvient \u00e0 un classement de l’attractivit\u00e9 des pays qui a fait couler beaucoup d’encre.<\/p>\n

M\u00e9contente de son rang, la Chine avait tap\u00e9 du poing sur la table fin 2012 et exig\u00e9 la suppression pure et simple d’un classement qui risquait, selon elle, de “ruiner la r\u00e9putation” de la Banque. D’autres voix avaient simplement point\u00e9 d’importantes failles m\u00e9thodologiques.<\/p>\n

“+Doing Business+ a tous les ingr\u00e9dients pour \u00eatre \u00e0 la fois important et controvers\u00e9, ce qu’il n’a pas manqu\u00e9 d’\u00eatre”, admet le chef \u00e9conomiste de la Banque mondiale, Kaushik Basu, qui reconna\u00eet lui-m\u00eame avoir critiqu\u00e9 ce rapport quand il conseillait le gouvernement indien.<\/p>\n

Face \u00e0 ces r\u00e9serves, la Banque a modifi\u00e9 sa m\u00e9thodologie en affinant l’\u00e9tude de certains indicateurs et en approfondissant ses \u00e9valuations dans les pays de plus de 100 millions d’habitants.<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces changements, le classement 2015 consacre \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s le m\u00eame quint\u00e9 que dans l’\u00e9dition pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente: Singapour, leader depuis l’\u00e9dition 2007, reste en t\u00eate, suivis par la Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande, Hong Kong, le Danemark et la Cor\u00e9e du Sud.<\/p>\n

Seul changement notable, les Etats-Unis sont \u00e9ject\u00e9s de ce “top 5” et pointent d\u00e9sormais \u00e0 la 7e position.<\/p>\n

La France grappille, elle, deux places pour se hisser au 31e rang apr\u00e8s avoir, selon la BM, “r\u00e9duit le temps” n\u00e9cessaire \u00e0 l’enregistrement d’une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et “r\u00e9form\u00e9 de fa\u00e7on significative” certaines r\u00e8gles de son droit du travail, notamment sur les proc\u00e9dures collectives de licenciement.<\/p>\n

– Certains r\u00e9sultats posent question –<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ses r\u00e9criminations, la Chine continue d’avoir des raisons d’\u00eatre m\u00e9contente: elle reste dans le ventre mou du classement (90e) m\u00eame si elle grappille trois places et devance d’autres grands pays \u00e9mergents, Br\u00e9sil (120e) ou Inde (142e).<\/p>\n

“La controverse vient souvent du fait de voir dans ce rapport (…) davantage qu’il ne refl\u00e8te”, indique M. Basu dans son avant-propos, assurant que le “Doing Business” ne saurait \u00eatre vu comme un signe de performance \u00e9conomique des pays.<\/p>\n

Le classement continue toutefois de susciter des interrogations. Malgr\u00e9 la grave crise g\u00e9opolitique qui les oppose, la Russie et l’Ukraine am\u00e9liorent leurs positions dans ce classement en pointant respectivement \u00e0 la 62e (+2 places) et \u00e0 la 96e position (+16 places).<\/p>\n

Le rapport ne “refl\u00e8te pas les aspects li\u00e9s \u00e0 la s\u00e9curit\u00e9, la pr\u00e9valence des pots-de-vin et de la corruption (…) ou la stabilit\u00e9 macro-\u00e9conomique” des pays, explique la Banque mondiale.<\/p>\n

Certains r\u00e9sultats posent par ailleurs question. Ha\u00efti, un des pays les plus pauvres du globe, arrive en 94e position en terme d’acc\u00e8s des PME \u00e0 l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 alors que le Canada, pays du G20, pointe au 150e rang.<\/p>\n

Sur l’indicateur mesurant la “protection des investisseurs minoritaires”, la Suisse occupe le 78e rang alors que la Sierra Leone qui \u00e9merge de plusieurs ann\u00e9es de guerre civile arrive au 62e rang.<\/p>\n

Des organisations de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 civile se sont elles mobilis\u00e9es sur un autre terrain: selon une r\u00e9cente campagne men\u00e9e par l’Oakland Institute, le “Doing Business” pousse les pays \u00e0 “lib\u00e9raliser” leur \u00e9conomie et \u00e0 all\u00e9ger leurs r\u00e9glementations afin que les entreprises occidentales puissent s’y installer “sans entraves”.<\/p>\n

Ce n’est pourtant pas la philosophie du rapport, selon le chef \u00e9conomiste de la BM. “Laisser tout \u00e0 l’\u00e9conomie de march\u00e9 peut conduire \u00e0 d’importants dysfonctionnements et mener \u00e0 des niveaux \u00e9lev\u00e9s de pauvret\u00e9”, \u00e9crit M. Basu, appelant les gouvernements \u00e0 se doter de r\u00e9glementations “facilitant” les interactions sans freiner le secteur priv\u00e9.<\/p>\n

View Full Article at la Croix <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source: la Croix October 31, 2014 Singapour en t\u00eate, France 31e et Erythr\u00e9e lanterne rouge: la Banque mondiale a publi\u00e9 mardi \u00e0…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":3452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[103],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4267","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news-fr"],"yoast_head":"\nAttractivit\u00e9: la Banque mondiale remanie son classement face aux critiques - Our Land Our Business<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ourlandourbusiness.org\/fr\/attractivite-la-banque-mondiale-remanie-son-classement-face-aux-critiques-2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Attractivit\u00e9: la Banque mondiale remanie son classement face aux critiques - 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