{"id":4316,"date":"2014-04-17T00:00:00","date_gmt":"2014-04-17T00:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ourlandourbusiness.org\/le-classement-de-la-banque-mondiale-voue-aux-gemonies\/"},"modified":"2014-04-17T00:00:00","modified_gmt":"2014-04-17T00:00:00","slug":"le-classement-de-la-banque-mondiale-voue-aux-gemonies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ourlandourbusiness.org\/es\/le-classement-de-la-banque-mondiale-voue-aux-gemonies\/","title":{"rendered":"Le Classement de la Banque Mondiale Vou\u00e9 aux G\u00e9monies"},"content":{"rendered":"

Source: La Presse<\/p>\n

April 17, 2014<\/span><\/p>\n

La Banque mondiale tente, par une voie d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e, de faciliter la t\u00e2che de g\u00e9ants du secteur agricole qui cherchent \u00e0 faire main basse, \u00e0 faible co\u00fbt, sur les terres des pays en d\u00e9veloppement.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n

Telle est du moins l’analyse d’une coalition de pr\u00e8s de 200 organisations non gouvernementales, qui pressent l’institution de cesser la publication annuelle d’un classement controvers\u00e9 \u00e9valuant les pays en fonction de la \u00abfacilit\u00e9 de faire des affaires\u00bb.<\/p>\n

La directrice de l’Oakland Institute, un groupe de recherche californien qui pilote la coalition, affirme que le classement contenu dans le rapport \u00abDoing Business\u00bb pousse les pays les plus pauvres \u00e0 \u00abd\u00e9r\u00e9glementer\u00bb tous azimuts leur \u00e9conomie afin de faire bonne figure aupr\u00e8s des investisseurs.<\/p>\n

On assiste, selon Anuradha Mittal, \u00e0 une surench\u00e8re de mesures qui ont pour effet de r\u00e9duire dramatiquement les garde-fous contre les abus, notamment sur le plan environnemental et social.<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00abC’est une course vers l’ab\u00eeme… Ce que la Banque mondiale essaie v\u00e9ritablement de faire, c’est de favoriser l’acc\u00e8s des grandes entreprises aux ressources de ces pays\u00bb, souligne la militante.<\/p>\n

La multiplication de transactions de grande envergure dans le secteur agricole est une cons\u00e9quence directe de cette d\u00e9r\u00e9glementation, juge Mme Mittal, qui s’inqui\u00e8te de leur impact sur les communaut\u00e9s locales.<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s de 80% de la nourriture consomm\u00e9e dans les pays d’Afrique subsaharienne et d’Asie est produite par des fermiers exploitant de petits lots, mais la Banque mondiale pr\u00e9f\u00e8re encourager le d\u00e9veloppement d’entreprises de grande envergure chapeautant de vastes concessions, d\u00e9plore-t-elle.<\/p>\n

\u00abIls ne disent pas ce qu’il doit advenir des petits producteurs qui se voient ainsi chass\u00e9s de leurs terres\u00bb, note la repr\u00e9sentante de l’Oakland Institute.<\/p>\n

Pour \u00e9tablir le classement controvers\u00e9, publi\u00e9 depuis 2003, la Banque mondiale passe en revue les r\u00e9glementations qui touchent \u00e0 11 volets de la vie d’une entreprise, incluant l’obtention de pr\u00eats, la protection des investisseurs ou encore l’embauche de travailleurs.<\/p>\n

Chaque pays consid\u00e9r\u00e9 re\u00e7oit une note distincte pour les volets consid\u00e9r\u00e9s, et une note globale est ensuite \u00e9tablie afin de le classer dans une liste qui contient, dans sa plus r\u00e9cente \u00e9dition, non moins de 189 pays.<\/p>\n

La Banque mondiale recense chaque ann\u00e9e les modifications r\u00e9glementaires apport\u00e9es et revoit la notation en cons\u00e9quence.<\/p>\n

Selon l’Oakland Institute, les indicateurs retenus tendent \u00e0 \u00abpunir les pays qui tentent de contr\u00f4ler les activit\u00e9s des investisseurs et de r\u00e9compenser ceux qui d\u00e9r\u00e9glementent, ignorant compl\u00e8tement au passage l’effet de telles politiques sur les droits de l’homme, l’environnement et le d\u00e9veloppement humain\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Un pays comme les Philippines, qui a lou\u00e9 pr\u00e8s de la moiti\u00e9 de ses terres \u00e0 des firmes \u00e9trang\u00e8res, se retrouve \u00e0 faire figure de bon \u00e9l\u00e8ve dans le dernier classement produit.<\/p>\n

La pol\u00e9mique entourant le rapport de la Banque mondiale ne date pas d’hier. En 2012, l’organisation avait mandat\u00e9 un comit\u00e9 d’experts pour faire le point \u00e0 ce sujet et d\u00e9terminer les correctifs \u00e0 apporter au besoin.<\/p>\n

Le comit\u00e9 a notamment recommand\u00e9 de ne plus produire de classement et de se contenter de noter les pays pour chaque volet consid\u00e9r\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Le retrait du classement global aurait pour effet de \u00abd\u00e9samorcer nombre de critiques formul\u00e9es\u00bb \u00e0 l’encontre du rapport, mais \u00abdiminuerait son influence sur les discussions\u00bb en mati\u00e8re de d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique, notaient les auteurs.<\/p>\n

Ils ont rappel\u00e9 \u00e0 cette occasion que le rapport ne devait pas avoir pour effet de dicter une \u00abnorme\u00bb \u00e0 suivre en mati\u00e8re \u00e9conomique, mais qu’il devait plut\u00f4t offrir des informations pertinentes aux dirigeants politiques pour alimenter leur r\u00e9flexion.<\/p>\n

En \u00e9cho aux critiques, la Banque mondiale assure que les indicateurs retenus ne favorisent pas ind\u00fbment les \u00ab\u00e9conomies o\u00f9 les pouvoirs publics promeuvent la philosophie d’un \u00c9tat de petite taille\u00bb.<\/p>\n

L’organisation affirme que des pays comptant des gouvernements de petite et de grande taille se retrouvent dans le haut du classement tout comme dans le bas du classement.<\/p>\n

Anuradha Mittal estime que ces d\u00e9clarations constituent des \u00abparoles en l’air\u00bb et ne changent rien aux objectifs v\u00e9ritablement poursuivis par l’organisation internationale.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Extrait du dernier classement<\/h4>\n
\n

1\u00a0Singapour<\/p>\n

2\u00a0Hong Kong<\/p>\n

3\u00a0Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande<\/p>\n

4\u00a0\u00c9tats-Unis<\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

19\u00a0Canada<\/p>\n

…<\/p>\n

188\u00a0R\u00e9publique centrafricaine<\/p>\n

189\u00a0Tchad<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

View Full Article at La Presse <\/a><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Source: La Presse April 17, 2014 La Banque mondiale tente, par une voie d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e, de faciliter la t\u00e2che de g\u00e9ants du secteur…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":3452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4316","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-coverage"],"yoast_head":"\nLe Classement de la Banque Mondiale Vou\u00e9 aux G\u00e9monies - Our Land Our Business<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ourlandourbusiness.org\/es\/le-classement-de-la-banque-mondiale-voue-aux-gemonies\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"es_ES\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Le Classement de la Banque Mondiale Vou\u00e9 aux G\u00e9monies - 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